I don't know if this is entirely what you're asking about, but there's a cool little trick for counting - especially in 'odd' time signatures - and all it requires is basic math (good for me, then)
Take 13/8 for example. . . It's a bit of a mouthful to count from 1-13 as well as play a tune and keep it in time, but if you break it down into pieces (i.e. 3-3-3-4 or 2-4-2-5 or whatever your imagination can come up with) it can make things very easy, and I've come up with a couple funky grooves this way. Win
On another note, one of my teachers used to tour with Al di Meola - he said that Al has a weird way of keeping time when he plays - by bobbing his right shoulder up and down! Dunno why, but, hey, that's jazz
I guess the point is: there a million ways of helping yourself keep time better, it's just about finding which ones work best for a) you and b) whatever situation you are in. I try and use as many as possible. . .
And learning drums will always help, but, in all honesty, even just getting a pair of sticks and bashing beats on everything you walk by (walls, cars, trees, cats, whatever) can help make a massive improvement!